Creativity In Dreams Essays - Dream, Neurophysiology, Consciousness

creativity in dreams Creativity in Dreams The mind at its Creative Peak "That which the dream shows is the shadow of such wisdom as exists in man, even if during his waking state he may know nothing about it..... We do not know it because we are fooling away our time with outward and perishing things, and are sleep in regard to that which is real within ourselves."-Paracles The quote on dreams, taken out of the novel by Ann Faraday entitled The Dream Game, sums up the necessity for the dream and the importance of our creativity in the dream state. Not only is it imperative to understand this importance of creativity, but to ask and find out how this process we call dreaming takes place. One can accomplish this task by using a step by step approach to dreams. First looking at the mind from a psychological standpoint and then moving on to the creative process and how it is involved in dreaming. Ultimately, one will move to see that in a dream, the mind is at its creative peak because the mind is unconsciou sly opening doors to information processed during the day that has been unknowingly passed over. The mind is probably one of the most complex systems in the body and is constantly being studied. Though much is still to be understood, scientists have been able to watch carefully and see how the dream images are produced. Many experts say that more information is processed in a dreaming brain that in the awake state (Faraday 17). The brainstem generates signals (PGO Waves) with sensory information, the brainstem responds to the signals, but is not activated. These images are the sources of dream images. Although a brainstem is not activated, the signals do trigger a system called the Central Motor Pattern Generator, during REM sleep, which causes the sensation of movement during ones dreams (Hobson 162). REM sleep occurs every 90 minutes of the sleeping state, beginning first, with short activity and increasing with each passing period. REM periods are when the eyes move back and fort h underneath the eyelids according to the brain activity in dreaming (Faraday 20). Not only is there a complicated process in the production of the dream image, but also as the brainstem is producing signals it causes a reaction called A.S.H. which creates the contents of ones dreams. A.S.H. or Activation-synthesis Hypothesis is the loss of a neurotransmitter that chemically charges the mind to process information differently (Hobson 164-5). These neurotransmitter's help creativity in dreams, but are not always used to their full potential. 95%-99% of dreams are forgotten because the aminergic neurotransmitters are blocked in REM sleep. However, when awaked in the REM state the transmitters are opened and information is recorded and remembered; creativity during the dream period is utilized (Hobson 166). The creative process is looked at from two main views. The first is that the creative process is not enhanced by dreaming, but when one is asleep, stress is not invading the mind an d therefore it is free to think; that is the illusion of the mind being more creative. Stress is something that affects everyone almost every day. When applied to the creative thought process, it is easy to see how it can become a wall that is difficult to push through. The dream content can be traced to the current ongoing of the individuals life, before sleep, and to the emotional level of the dreamer on the subsequent morning. In a dream, events, thoughts and feelings are reflected, that are passed by because we are not aware to catch them; we are to stressed (Faraday 4). Stress comes from many sources in life such as home, work, and one of the most common among young adults and kids is school. When in deeper, longer period of REM sleep, stress is less and less a factor. This relief, during REM awakening dreams, leads to more bizarre dreams that include more physical and emotional activity. Each sense, in a dream state, is enhanced when awakened during REM cluster (Hobson 155-6). When this view of creativity in dreams is opened, stress is simply shown to be the cause of suppressing the

The Layers of Earths Atmosphere

The Layers of Earths Atmosphere The envelope of gas surrounding our planet Earth, known as the atmosphere, is organized into five distinct layers. These layers start at ground level, measured at sea level, and rise into what we call outer space. From the ground up they are: the troposphere,the stratosphere,the mesosphere,the thermosphere, andthe exosphere. In-between each of these major five layers are transition zones called pauses where temperature changes, air composition, and air density occur. Pauses included, the atmosphere is a total of 9 layers thick! The Troposphere: Where Weather Happens Of all the atmospheres layers, the troposphere is the one were most familiar with (whether you realize it or not) since we live at its bottom the Earths surface. It hugs the Earths surface and extends upward to about high. Troposphere means, ‘where the air turns over’. A very appropriate name, since it is the layer where our day-to-day weather takes place. Starting at sea level, the troposphere goes up 4 to 12 miles (6 to 20 km) high. The bottom one third, that which is closest to us, contains 50% of all atmospheric gasses. This is the only part of the whole makeup of the atmosphere that is breathable. Thanks to its air being heated from below by the earths surface which absorbs the suns heat energy, tropospheric temperatures decrease as you travel up into the layer. At its top is a thin layer called the tropopause, which is just a buffer between the troposphere and the stratosphere. The Stratosphere: Ozones Home The stratosphere is the next layer of the atmosphere. It extends anywhere from 4 to 12 miles (6 to 20 km) above Earths surface up to 31 miles (50 km). This is the layer where most commercial airliners fly and weather balloons travel to. Here the air doesn’t flow up and down but flows parallel to the earth in very fast moving air streams. Its temperature also increases as you go up, thanks to the abundance of natural ozone (O3) the byproduct of solar radiation and oxygen which has a knack for absorbing the suns harmful UV rays. (Anytime temperatures increase with elevation in meteorology, its known as an inversion.) Since the stratosphere has warmer temperatures at its bottom and cooler air at its top, convection (thunderstorms) is rare in this part of the atmosphere. In fact, you can visibly spot its bottom layer in stormy weather by where the anvil-shaped tops of cumulonimbus clouds are. How so? Since the layer acts as a cap to convection, the tops of storm clouds have nowhere to go but spread outward. After the stratosphere, there is again a buffer layer, this time called the stratopause. The Mesosphere: The Middle Atmosphere Starting roughly 31 miles (50 km) above Earths surface and extending up to 53 miles (85 km) is the mesosphere. The mesospheres top region is the coldest naturally occurring place on Earth. Its temperatures can dip below -220  °F (-143  °C, -130 K)! The Thermosphere: The Upper Atmosphere After the mesosphere and mesopause come the thermosphere. Measured between 53 miles (85 km) and 375 miles (600 km) above the earth, it contains less than 0.01% of all air within the atmospheric envelope. Temperatures here reach upward to 3,600  Ã‚ °F (2,000  °C), but because the air is so thin and there are so few gas molecules to transfer the heat, these high temperatures would amazingly feel very cold to our skin. The Exosphere: Where Atmosphere and Outer Space Meet Some 6,200 miles (10,000 km) above the earth is the exosphere the atmospheres outer edge. It is where weather satellites orbit the earth. What About the Ionosphere? The ionosphere isnt its own separate layer but is actually the name given to the atmosphere from about 37 miles (60 km) to 620 miles (1,000 km) high. (It includes the top-most parts of the mesosphere and all of the thermosphere and exosphere.) Gas atoms drift into space from here. It is called ionosphere because in this part of the atmosphere the sun’s radiation is ionized, or pulled apart as it travels earth’s magnetic fields to the north and south poles. This pulling apart is seen from earth as auroras. Edited by Tiffany Means

How do consumers engage with fashion, textiles or jewellery as a Essay

How do consumers engage with fashion, textiles or jewellery as a routine aspect of everyday life examine this question with ref - Essay Example Fashion is regarded as a driving force that shapes the way people live. That is it influences hairstyles, apparels, food, art, cars, cosmetics, toys, music, furniture, and other aspects of daily lives that people tend to take for granted. Fashion is also a principal component of the popular culture that keeps changing. For example, what might have been regarded fashionable in the 1800s when fashion first emerged may not be considered fashionable today. Today, apart from the basic functioning of cloth, it also serves as fashion items, which can signify how significant a person is and express an individual’s status, as well as what their personal image are like, according to O’Cass (2000, p.545). As a result, clothing can be used as a means of presenting an individual’s identity. Lerkpollakarn and Khemarangsan (2012, p.15) note that consumer behavior towards a fashion clothing affects all aspects of the fashion industry, production, design and merchandising and pro motion at all levels. This also applies to the retail market, according to Crane (2000, p.51). This paper will explore how consumers engage with fashion as a routine aspect of daily life. Clothing is regarded as one of the basic human needs that one cannot do without. Clothing helps keep the body warm, as well as covering the nakedness. This aspect signifies the importance of clothing in human life. However, in addition to the basic function, of clothing in human life, nowadays clothing also serves as a fashionable item, which people use to tell their significance to the society, express their status as an individual, as well as what their personal image are. Thus, people also use clothing as an expression of personal identity (Rocha and Hawkins 2005, p.382). Because of the importance of fashion in the live of consumers, a number of factors influence the buying behaviors of consumers. The factors include identity, physical, lifestyle and store environment. Lerkpollakarn and Khemaran gsan (2012, p.18) claim that identity factors strongly influences consumer behavior in the fashion clothing. This is because some people only choose products based on mood, reliance, personal style, brand image or celebrity influence. Packard and Raine (1979, p.16) reveal that fashion is based on mood and emotions as being conquering to others, aesthetically beautiful and emotional factors based on the feelings and the emotions of consumers. In this regard, research indicates that people tend to engage with fashion based on the emotional factors that make consumers buy clothes, in order for them to be able to look modern and attractive. Lerkpollakarn and Khemarangsan (2012, p.18) argue that more than often, people buy fashionable clothing not just because they need them but for pleasure. DeLace (2011, p.11) observed that the behavior of modern consumer is based on a search for pleasure with the consumption experience itself. As a result, consumers tend to look for new sensations, ne w stimuli. Skoggard (1998, p.56) shows that consumers tend to look for a chance to spend money for clothing when they feel good and satisfied with it. For example, fashion tends to force women to put on clothes that they do not necessarily need. For instance, during the winter season, one may wonder seeing a woman dressed in light clothes that reveal most body parts in the name of fashion, attraction and pleasure that comes with